Document Type : Scientific - Research

Authors

1 Graduated from the PhD in Mechanical Engineering, University of Tehran

2 Graduated from Tehran University, PhD in Management

3 PhD student in Nuclear Engineering, Amirkabir University

4 professor of chemical engineering,university of tehran

Abstract

The lack of empirical vision in the graduates and the lack of skills necessary to be effective in their jobs, puts a lot of criticism on the educational programs of universities. Internships with the aim of filling this gap have been included in the subject of technical and engineering courses, but so far it has not been able to achieve its goals at the desired level. The purpose of this study is to analyze internships and explain the factors affecting the productivity of these courses. The statistical sample of this study, which was selected as a snowball, is made up of university faculty members, industrialists, and students with internships. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and the Grounded theory was used to analyze them. Finally, 16 categories were counted after two coding steps and then, using axial coding, the categories in the form of axial phenomena. Causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences emerged in the selective coding stage, the narration of the categories was done around the central phenomenon, and at the end, and suggestions were made to increase the productivity of the internships.

Keywords

Alpert, F., Heaney, J.-G., & Kuhn, K.-A. L. (2009). Internships in marketing: Goals, structures and assessment–Student, company and academic perspectives. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 17(1), 36-45.
Ataei, P., Nomi Kheljan, S., Zamani, G., Izadi, N. (2013). Agricultural student’s motivation towards internship training course in the Agricultural College of Shiraz University, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Education Administration Research, 24(24), 108 [in Persian].
Carless, S. A., & Prodan, O. (2003). The impact of practicum training on career and job search attitudes of postgraduate psychology students. Australian Journal of Psychology, 55(2), 89-94.
Carriger, M. S. (2015). Problem-based learning and management development – Empirical and theoretical considerations. The International Journal of Management Education, 13(3), 249-259. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2015.07003.
Choi, A. (2010). Current status and task of corporate internships by university students. Commercial Education Study, 24(2), 23-47.
Collins, A. B. (2002). Gateway to the real world, industrial training: Dilemmas and problems. Tourism Management, 23(1), 93-96.
Danaeifard, H., Alvani, M., Azar, A. (2013). Qualitative research methodology in management: a comprehensive approach, Saffar Publicatins [in Persian].
Danaeifard, H., & Emami, SM. (2007). Strategies of Qualitative Research: A Reflection on Grounded Theory. Strategic Management Thought, 1(2), 69-97 [in Persian].
Davami, P. (2012). A model for collaboration of academia and industries. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 14(53), 119-129 [in Persian]. doi:10.22047/ijee.2012.2303
Divine, R., Miller, R., & Wilson, J. H. (2006). Analysis of student performance in an internship program in a US university. International Journal of Quality and Productivity Management, 6(1), 1-14.
Drexel university. Accessed 2021. Cooperative Education. from https://drexel.edu/difference/co-op.
Fall, L. (2006). Value of engagement: Factors influencing how students perceive their community contribution to public relations internships. Public Relations Review, 32(4), 407-415.
Feiz, M., & Bahadori Nejad, M. (2010). A professional competency model for graduates of engineering colleges in Iran (Case study: Graduates of Sharif University of Technology). Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 12(46), 37-68 [in Persian]. doi:10.22047/ijee.2010.673.
Fitch, K. (2011). Developing professionals: student experiences of a real-client project. Higher Education Research & Development, 30(4), 491-503. doi:10.1080/07294360.2010.527930.
Gamboa, V., Paixão, M. P., & de Jesus, S. N. (2013). Internship quality predicts career exploration of high school students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(1), 78-87.
Gamboa, V., Paixão, M. P., & de Jesus, S. N. (2014). Vocational profiles and internship quality among Portuguese VET students. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 14(2), 221-244.
Garnjost, P., & Brown, S. M. (2018). Undergraduate business students’ perceptions of learning outcomes in problem based and faculty centered courses. The International Journal of Management Education, 16(1), 121-130. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2017.12.004
Georgia Tech. Accessed 2021. Internships. from http://career.gatech.edu/internships.
Glen, R., Suciu, C., & Baughn, C. (2014). The need for design thinking in business schools. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 13(4), 653-667. doi:10.5465/amle.2012.0308.
Johari, A., & Bradshaw, A. C. (2008). Project-based learning in an internship program: A qualitative study of related roles and their motivational attributes. Educational Technology Research and Development, 56(3), 329-359.
Kim, E. B., Kim, K., & Bzullak, M. (2012). A survey of internship programs for management undergraduates in AACSB‐accredited institutions. International Journal of Educational Management.
Laker, D. R. (2005). Using Journaling to Extract Greater Meaning from The Internship Experience. Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC), 2(2).
Liu, G. (2012). A survey on student satisfaction with cooperative accounting education based on CPA firm internships. Asian Review of Accounting.
Lycko, M., & Galanakis, K. (2019). Student consultancy projects playbook: Learning outcomes and a framework for teaching practice in an international entrepreneurial context. The International Journal of Management Education, 100285. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.02.005.
Marsono, Sugandi, M., Tuwoso, & Purnomo. (2017). Study the impact of internship on improving engineering students’ competency. Paper presented at the AIP Conference Proceedings.
Mehrani, S., & Eskandar, H. (2017). Explaining of modeling the auditor- client negotiations paradigm concerning financial reporting. Journal of Empirical Research in Accounting, 6(2), 143-170 [in Persian].
McKinney, J., & Drovdahl, R. (2007). Vocation as discovery: The contribution of internship experiences. Journal of Youth Ministry, 5(2), 51-71.
McIntyre, N., Amelink, C. T., & Bokor, J. (2020). Positive effects of summer research program on diverse community college students. Paper presented at the 2020 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON).
Mohammadzadeh, A., Sotudeh gharebagh, R. (2019). Soft skills for engineering students and graduates. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 20(80), 1-29. doi: 10.22047/ijee.2019.156398.1592 [in Persian].
Movahedmohamadi, H., Sadeghi, F., Sharifzadeh, A., Moridsadat, P. (2008). An investigation of students’ attitudes toward outcomes of Internship courses in The Agricultural Faculty, Tehran University.
Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 39(1), 169-176 [in Persian].
Narayanan, V., Olk, P. M., & Fukami, C. V. (2010). Determinants of internship effectiveness: An exploratory model. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 9(1), 61-80.
Nowroozi, MR., Ayati, M., Zahmatkesh, A., Solatpour, Sh., Ghasemi, F. (2013). Programs in urology students and interns of Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1389. Teb va Tazkiyeh, 22(3), 31-36 [in Persian].
Ocampo, A. C. G., Reyes, M. L., Chen, Y., Restubog, S. L. D., Chih, Y.-Y., Chua-Garcia, L., & Guan, P. (2020). The role of internship participation and conscientiousness in developing career adaptability: A five-wave growth mixture model analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 120, 103426. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103426.
Perusso, A., & Baaken, T. (2020). Assessing the authenticity of cases, internships and problem-based learning as managerial learning experiences: Concepts, methods and lessons for practice. The International Journal of Management Education, 18(3), 100425. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100425.
Rouzbahani, F., Sheykhtaheri, A., Farzandipour, M., Rangraz Jeddi, F., Mobarak Ghamsari, Z. (2011). Evaluation of training educators performance from points of views of medical record students in Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Journal of Health Information Management, 2(18) [in Persian].
Sadeghi, F., Sharifzadeh, A., Movahed Mahmmadi, H., Moridsadat, P. (2008). A study of strengths and weaknesses of internship course in Agricultural Faculty at Tehran University. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 4(1), 99-108 [in Persian].
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students. Pearson Education.
Shah vali, M., Azadi, H., Yousefi, M. (2005). A new program for internship of agricultural students. Jahad, (267) [in Persian].
Starr-Glass, D. (2006). Enhancing the transformative potential of business internships. Managing Global Transitions, 4(4), 285.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research. Sage publications.
Tan, T. A. G., & Vicente, A. J. (2019). An innovative experiential and collaborative learning approach to an undergraduate marketing management course: A case of the Philippines. The International Journal of Management Education, 17(3), 100309. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.100309.
Thalacker, B. L. (2001). A study to gather data for an accounting internship program for Chippewa Valley Technical College.
Tse, T. S., Wong, S., & Luk, C. (2008). How does placement affect student’s self-perception? CAUTHE 2008: Tourism and Hospitality Research, Training and Practice, 67.
Ungaretti, T., Thompson, K. R., Miller, A., & Peterson, T. O. (2015). Problem-based learning: Lessons from medical education and challenges for management education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 14(2), 173-186. doi:10.5465/amle.2013.0245.
University of Waterloo. Accessed 2021. Co-op programs. from https://uwaterloo.ca/future-students/co-op.
Van‘t Klooster, E., Van Wijk, J., Go, F., & Van Rekom, J. (2008). Educational travel: The overseas internship. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3), 690-711.
Verney, T. P., Holoviak, S. J., & Winter, A. S. (2009). Enhancing the reliability of internship evaluations. The Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 9(1), 22.
Yaghoubi, M., & Motahhari Nejad, H. (2011). Requirements for codifying strategies of engineering education in Iran. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 13(51), 31-51 [in Persian]. doi:10.22047/ijee.2011.1107.
Yi, G. (2018). Impact of internship quality on entrepreneurial intentions among graduating engineering students of research universities in China. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(4), 1071-1087.
Zarafshani, K., Mirakzadeh, A., Asadollah, H. (2009). Analysis of strengths and weaknesses of internship courses for students in the Department of Agricultural Promotion and Education in Razi University, Kermanshah. Journal of Agricultural Education Administration Research. 8(8), 2 [in Persian].