نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی -پژوهشی ( ویژه نامه)
نویسنده
استاد دانشکده فنی دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
کیفیت شرط بقای مراکز آموزشی مدرن و دریچهای به سوی جهانی شدن آموزش عالی است. در یکی دو دهه گذشته آموزش مهندسی در سطح جهان، تحولات زیادی را پشت سر گذارده و ملاک های مشخصی برای یک آموزش مهندسی معیار پیشنهاد شده است. امروزه، مراکز آموزش مهندسی پیشرو، برنامه های آموزشی خود را به گونهای عرضه مینمایند که دانشآموختگانی توانا برای ورود به بازار کار مهندسی، در سطح ملی و بین المللی، به دست دهند. در چنین شرایطی است که ارتقای کیفیت برنامه های آموزشی، در اولویت قرار گرفته است. یکی از دردسترس ترین روش ها برای آگاهی از نقاط قوت و ضعف برنامه های آموزشی و ارتقای کیفیت آن، گذر موفقیت آمیز از فرایند ارزشیابی است. در برداشت تازهای از «ارزشیابی»، به جای سنجش آنچه دانشگاه عرضه میکند، تمرکز به «دستاوردها»، یعنی آنچه دانشآموختگان کسب کردهاند، معطوف شده است. برای قضاوت در مورد میزان دستیابی دانشجویان به دستاوردهای موردنظر، روش های «ارزیابی درونی» یا خودارزیابی، توسط مؤسسه آموزشی و «ارزیابی برونی»، توسط نهادهای مستقل ارزشیابی، توسعه یافته است. در این مقاله، ضمن مرور وضعیت ارزشیابی آموزش مهندسی در جهان و تشریح سازوکار ارزیابی درونی و برونی، اقدامات صورت گرفته، در بیش از یک دهه گذشته، برای ارزشیابی آموزش مهندسی ایران، مطابق الگوی رایج در جهان، بررسی شده است
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT TO IMPROVE QUALITY IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION; GLOBAL EXPERIENCES AND NATIONAL EFFORTS
نویسنده [English]
- Hossein Memarian
Professor, Tehran University
چکیده [English]
Quality is essential for the survival of modern educational institutions and a gateway to the globalization of higher education. In the last few decades, engineering has gone through many changes and certain criteria have been proposed for a standard engineering education. Today, leading engineering education schools have revised their educational programs to enable graduates to enter the national and international engineering job market. This situation calls for prioritizing improvement in educational program quality. One of the most common methods for identifying the quality of education is to pass the accreditation process successfully. In modern “accreditation”, instead of measuring what the university offers, the focus is on “outcomes” or what the graduates have gained. To judge the extent to which students achieve the desired outcomes, two methods of evaluation have been developed: “internal assessment” or “self-assessment” by the educational institution; and “external assessment” by independent accreditation bodies. This article first reviews the status of engineering education accreditation in the world and explains the mechanism of internal and external assessment. Then, measures that have been taken in the last decade to evaluate engineering education in Iran, according to the common criteria in the world, are explained
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Engineering education
- quality
- evaluation
- internal assessment
- external assessment
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