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Education is one of the important factors to achieve cultural awareness on environmental protection. Education of public results in increase of their knowledge for effective use of resources, decision making and change in behavior. More public knowledge on environmental protection results in better obeying rules and regulations. Environmental knowledge results in increase of accountability and inner motivation. The structure of change in behavior toward environment is giving information, providing enabling factors and resources for change in behavior. It must be understood that the human health and welfare and the quality of life have a close connection with the nature of environment. This necessitates planning and budget allocation for promotion of citizen’s belief and attitudes toward environmental health. The planning and organization of citizen’s education on environmental issues should be based on their need and their priorities. Human behavior is a reflection of his awareness and attitudes. The concept of environmental health and protection should be part of the curriculum from preschool to the university level. The mass media, training of environmental specialist and evaluation of educational program can contribute to the expansion of public knowledge in environmental protection.
In this article the vital role of the upper management in various governmental agencies and indeed the private sector regarding environmental awareness is discussed. Decision made merely on the basis of short-term economical, social, and political incentives often result in increased environmental pollution and at times irreversible environmental damages. Various examples are discussed to illustrate how a lack of appropriate planning, unnecessary subsidies, short-term profits and social-economic pressures to create unsustainable employment has helped to further deteriorate our fragile environment. In conclusion, several recommendation are proposed to enhance the environmental awareness of decision makers at all governmental managerial levels. Education asd awareness are the key for long-term environmental friendly decisions that are beneficial for our further generation.
Inhabitable Loot and Central deserts cover a greater share of the areas of the Iranian plateau. The marginal lands of the Zagroas and Albors mountain ranges are the habitable land of the country, and a comprehensive programs of environmental protection of these areas including the national parks and the wildlife sanctuaries etc. should be planned and implemented. Despite the existence of certain environmental rules and regulations our national parks, sanctuaries etc. are not in a healthy condition and they suffer from a lack of proper control and various encroaching elements have had debilitating impacts on them. The status of the Lar National park is presented as a case study in this work. There are also several other alarming issues confronting the environmental health of our country; these include, but is not limited to, the reduction of the northern forest areas, destruction of the pasture lands by overgrazing, and consequent soil erosion and flooding. A drastic reduction of the wildlife animals, birds and also marine populations of the country as a result of over-hunting, over-fishing, destruction of habitats, and increasing levels of river pollution are observed. “Near extinction” status of many animals, birds, and the fish species of the country indicates that environmental health of our country is in a rather critical condition. To revive it one needs an immediate action plan with coordinated and concerted efforts of all of the relevant governmental and private agencies. A number of recommendations or educational tips are presented to slow down the destruction rate of the country’s environment.
Biological Engineering is one of the new integrative sciences, that function issues of interfaces between engineers and biologists are considered. There is a current interest in revising or establishing new biological engineering curriculums and courses. Biological Engineering should have the conceptual framework of biology and engineering. Basic engineering concepts and basic biology concepts are sometimes conflicting, but must nevertheless be incorporated in undergraduate courses that could lead to problem solving in different industries. All biological engineering curriculums must include courses on engineering topics, life sciences topics and courses that integrate the two. This paper was intended to guide the establishment of new revised biological engineering programs.
Presently, due to the improvement of educational level and increase in daily expenses, having a suitable job and a source of income are assumed to be the basic needs of every human being. Denial of such a right from the women will definitely cause the society to tear apart and ultimately lead to the society destruction. In this article, in addition to a short consideration of the basic sociological elements, certain statistical figures concerning the women’s educational levels and their occupations in Iran has been presented. Finally an inquiry from the universities students and graduated, towards their occupational status has been performed.
Foreign-born scientist and engineers contribute significantly to the brain power of the developed countries. This emigration of such highly skilled personnel called “brain drain”. More recently, however the mobility of highly talented worker can be referred to as “brain circulation” if this followed by a return to the home country. In the past several decades” brain drain” phenomena has been the subject of many research. This paper focuses on the impact of this migration on human capital and growth in Iran, and as been divided in 3 sections, history causes and how brain circulation can be dominated. This paper is the first part of this report. Data on the mobility and stay rated of Iranian expert to the United States, Europe and other developed countries on the past 30 year support the more brain drains with highly increasing rate and very little brain circulation. This paper has shown that the brain problem in this country is real and highly serious. For our country to be successful in delivering its mission outcomes in the future development and growth, brain should be replaced by drain circulation.