A REVIEW OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN IRAN AND THE WORLD

Document Type : مقاله علمی -پژوهشی ( ویژه نامه)

Authors

1 Professor, Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department,, Sharif University of Technology

2 Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Balochestan

3 Center of Excellence for Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran

5 Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract
In this paper, after a brief investigation of the history of chemical engineering in Iran and the world, the published papers related to chemical engineering education in the Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, on the occasion of its 25th anniversary of publication, were reviewed. In educational part of the present work, the novel educational methods such as remote education, e-learning, game-based education, virtual reality education and the outcomes of these methods are discussed. In addition, from the research perspective, the latest directions of chemical engineering such as stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles, drug delivery, cancer therapy, antimicrobial active packaging films, active food packaging, advanced electro spun nanofiber yarn-based textiles, wound healing applications, advanced technologies for water and wastewater treatment, application of nanomaterials and ionic metals, green and renewable energies, and the applications of artificial intelligence in chemical engineering were reviewed. From the foresight vision and considering the global changes such as environmental challenges, limited world resources, the novel areas of chemical engineering and its future, with emphasis on chemical engineering education, have been investigated. With progresses in many interdisciplinary areas such as energy and decarbonization, water, food, air, human health and medicine, it is being expected that great changes occur in the education of chemical engineering. 

Keywords

Subjects

Ashrafizadeh, N. (2001). Chemical engineering and challenges for the year 2001. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 2(8), 29-44 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2001.2029.
Ashrafizadeh, N. (2003a). The specialty of inorganic chemical industries in chemical engineering, the opportunity of chemical engineers. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 5(18), 85-107 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2003.2109.
Ashrafizadeh, N. (2003b). Revision of chemical engineering bachelor’s curriculum with an approach towards the inorganic chemical industries. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 5(17), 29-54 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2003.2098.
Ashrafizadeh, N., Nikbakhsh, S., & Alavi, Z. (2006). Biotechnology and chemical engineering. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 8(29), 1-15 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2006.500.
Asif, M., Sidra Bibi, S., Ahmed, S., Irshad, M., Shakir Hussain, M., Zeb, H., Kashif Khan, M., & Kim, J. (2023). Recent advances in green hydrogen production, storage and commercial-scale use via catalytic ammonia cracking. Chemical Engineering Journal, 473, 145381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.145381.
Birniwa, A. H., Habibu, S., Abdullahi, S. S., Mohammad, R. E. A., Hussaini, A., Magaji, H., Al-dhawi, B. N. S., Noor, A., & Jagaba, A. H. (2024). Membrane technologies for heavy metals removal from water and wastewater: A mini review. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 9, 100538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2023.100538.
Bozorgmehri, R., & Shahrokhi, M. (2004). Updating process control syllabus to fulfill chemical and petroleum industry requirements and standards in new millennium. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 6(21), 79-89 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2004.2423.
Caserta, S., Tomaiuolo, G., & Guido, S. (2021). Use of a smartphone-based student response system in large active-learning chemical engineering thermodynamics classrooms. Education for Chemical Engineers, 36, 46-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2021.02.003.
da Silva Júnior, J. N., Sousa Lima, M. A., Ávila Pimenta, A. T., Nunes, F. M., Monteiro, Á. C., de Sousa, U. S., Leite Júnior, A. J. M., Zampieri, D., Oliveira Alexandre, F. S., de Sousa, U. S., Pacioni, N. L., & Winum, J.-Y. (2021). Design, implementation, and evaluation of a game-based application for aiding chemical engineering and chemistry students to review the organic reactions. Education for Chemical Engineers, 34, 106-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2020.11.007.
Dabir, B., Hormozi, F., & Alaie, S. M. (2001). CFD as a new tool for research and education in chemical engineering. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 2(8), 45-53 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2001.2030.
Dai, Y., Chen, X., & Zhang, X. (2019). Recent advances in stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles via click chemistry. Polymer Chemistry, 10(1), 34-44. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8PY01174E.
Daneshfar, M. A., & Arjomand, M. (2013). Consideration of chemical engineering B.Sc students weakness in energy & mass balance unit. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 15(58), 101-111 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2013.3597.
Davari Ardakani, R. (2010). Considerations on ethics in the world of science and engineering. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 12(46), 1-15 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2010.670.
Díaz-Sainz, G., Pérez, G., Gómez-Coma, L., Ortiz-Martínez, V. M., Domínguez-Ramos, A., Ibañez, R., & Rivero, M. J. (2021). Mobile learning in chemical engineering: An outlook based on case studies. Education for Chemical Engineers, 35, 132-145. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2021.01.013.
Díaz, I., González, E. J., González-Miquel, M., & Rodríguez, M. (2024). Application of serious games in chemical engineering courses. Education for Chemical Engineers, 46, 22-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2023.10.002.
Dobbelaere, M. R., Plehiers, P. P., Van de Vijver, R., Stevens, C. V, & Van Geem, K. M. (2021). Machine learning in chemical engineering: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Engineering, 7(9), 1201-1211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.019.
Dutta, S. (2012). Applications and development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology: role of chemical engineers. Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering, 5(3), 197-205.
National academies of sciences, engineering and medicine, E. (2022). New directions for chemical engineering. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26342.
Farhadi, F. (2004). Content of applied heat transfer course in undergraduate chemical engineering curriculum. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 6(21), 53-58 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2004.2420.
Farhadi, F., & Taghdisiyan, H. (2004). Mass transfer in chemical engineering undergraduate education. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 6(21), 59-64 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2004.2421.
Farhadi, F., Taghdisiyan, H., & Minapor, S. (2004). Comparative review of undergraduate basic courses in chemical engineering curriculm. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 6(21), 17-28 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2004.2417.
Farokhzad, A. (2001). Safety in process, as a lost chain in the chemical engineering education. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 2(8), 71-83 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2001.2032.
Ganjizade, A., Vahidi, O., & Ashrafizadeh, S. N. (2017a). Biology; A new main element in chemical engineering transition from “chemical” to “chemical and biological” engineering, Part 1: necessity, curriculum’s and research areas. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 19(74), 1-22 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2017.80006.1449.
Ganjizade, A., Vahidi, O., & Ashrafizadeh, S. N. (2017b). Biology; a new main element in chemical engineering transition from “chemical” to “chemical and biological” engineering, Part 2: graduate education and industrial achievements. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 19(75), 1-21 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2017.55103.
Ganjizade, A., & Ashrafizadeh, S. N. (2017). Micro/nanofluidics, a new aspect in chemical engineering. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 19(73), 139-168 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2017.67731.1424.
Gao, H. (2024). Chapter 5 - Machine learning in reaction engineering (M. Soroush & R. B. T.-A. I. in M. D Braatz (eds.); pp. 139-166). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99135-3.00007-5.
Ghasem, N., & Ghannam, M. (2021). Challenges, benefits & drawbacks of chemical engineering on-line teaching during Covid-19 pandemic. Education for Chemical Engineers, 36, 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2021.04.002.
Goodarzniya, E. (2000). The trends of chemical engineering education in Iran. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 1(4), 69-98 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2000.2361.
Goodarzniya, E. (2012). Evolution of chemical engineering education and its background in the world. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 1(1), 105-127 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.1999.2332.
Habibi, S., Mohammadi, T., H., M., Shirazi, R., Atyabi, F., Kiani, M., & Asadi, A. A. (2023). A bilayer mupirocin/bupivacaine-loaded wound dressing based on chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous mat: Preparation, characterization, and controlled drug release. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 240, 124399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124399.Hassan, Q., Abdulateef, A. M., Hafedh, S. A., Al-Samari, A., Abdulateef, J., Sameen, A. Z., Salman, H. M., Al-Jiboory, A. K., Wieteska, S., & Jaszczur, M. (2023). Renewable energy-to-green hydrogen: A review of main resources routes, processes and evaluation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 48(46), 17383-17408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.01.175.
Herink, T., Bělohlav, V., Jirout, T., & Bělohlav, Z. (2022). Opportunities of experiential education in chemical technology and engineering. Education for Chemical Engineers, 41, 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2022.08.003
Kaghazchi, T., Sohrabi, M., & Solemani, M. (2003). Teaching new courses in chemical engineering (Gas conversion engineering). Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 5(17), 71-82 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2003.2101.
Kanjwal, M. A., & Ghaferi, A. Al. (2022). Hybrid nanofibers opportunities and frontiers- A review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10(6), 108850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.108850.
Kheradmandinia,  Sh., & Sotudeh Gharebagh, R. (2018). Complementary skill educations for chemical engineers from engineering consultant company’s view perspective. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 20(77), 1-17 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2018.126629.1531.
Khoshnoodi, M. (2000). Chemical engineering; past, present and future. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 2(7), 51-62 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2000.2022.
Kolliopoulos, G., Xu, C., Martin, J. T., Devaere, N., & Papangelakis, V. G. (2022). Hybrid forward osmosis - freeze concentration: A promising future in the desalination of effluents in cold regions. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 47, 102711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102711.
Kumar, V. V., Carberry, D., Beenfeldt, C., Andersson, M. P., Mansouri, S. S., & Gallucci, F. (2021). Virtual reality in chemical and biochemical engineering education and training. Education for Chemical Engineers, 36, 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2021.05.002
Lavasani, M., Ziaei-Halimejani, H., Sotudeh Gharebagh, R., Zarghami, R., & Mostoufi, N. (2021). Application of data science in chemical engineering education. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 23(90), 21-25 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2021.239468.1759.
Li, L., Rong, S., Wang, R., & Yu, S. (2021). Recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning for nonlinear relationship analysis and process control in drinking water treatment: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 405, 126673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126673.
Liu, L., Swift, S., Taylor, J., Nutsford, A. N., Tollemache, C., Lu, Z., Yadav, P., Zujovic, Z., Ross, J., Vella, J., Chen, S., Perera, J., Li, D., & Kilmartin, P. A. (2024). One-pot fabrication of potent antimicrobial and antiviral films with eco-friendly in situ after-use disposal. Chemical Engineering Journal, 481, 148406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.148406.
Masoumi Godarzi, S., Sotudeh gharebagh, R., & Gorji kandi, S. (2011). Retrospective glance at the improvement of chemical engineering education in Iran. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 13(51), 75-99 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2011.1109.
Moghaddas (Soltan Mohammadzadeh), J., Haghighi, M., (2004). Kinetic and reactor design in chemical engineering curriculum. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 6(21), 65-78 [in Persian].  https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2004.2422.
Moghaddas, J., Yasrebi, N., Shojaossadati, A., & Taghavi, M. (2019). Study and comparison of curriculum and methodology of chemical engineering in American and Iranian universities. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 25, 45-81 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.
National academies of sciences, engineering, and medicine. 2022. New directions for chemical engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26342. 
Ogawa, K. (2007). Information Entropy, Chapter 1 (K. B. T.-C. E. Ogawa (ed.); pp. 1-20). Elsevier Science B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044453096-7/50003-X.
Panjeshahi, M. H. (2001). Chemcal engineering and energy. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 2(8), 55-70 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2001.2031.
Pirdashti, M., Ghadi, A., & Noorshahi, N. (2010). Necessity of management course for chemical engineering. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 11(44), 37-49 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2010.653.
Rahimi, A., & Aghamiri, F. (2006). The necessity of inspection of undergraduate educational programs for chemical engineerrs according to the requirement of industries. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 7(28), 13-27 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2006.2552.
Rahimi, R. (2019). Chemical engineering prospective; chemical product engineering. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 21(82), 1-13 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2019.176619.1628.
Rashtchian, D., & Shayeghan, J. (2001). Conception of chemical engineering education and employment. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 2(8), 85-106 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2001.2033.
Rezvani Ghomi, E., Khosravi, F., Neisiany, R. E., Shakiba, M., Zare, M., Lakshminarayanan, R., Chellappan, V., Abdouss, M., & Ramakrishna, S. (2022). Advances in electrospinning of aligned nanofiber scaffolds used for wound dressings. Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering, 22, 100393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100393
Rojas, A., Misic, D., Zizovic, I., Dicastillo, C. L. de, Velásquez, E., Rajewska, A., Rozas, B., Catalán, L., Vidal, C. P., Guarda, A., & Galotto, M. J. (2024). Supercritical fluid and cocrystallization technologies for designing antimicrobial food packaging PLA nanocomposite foams loaded with eugenol cocrystals with prolonged release. Chemical Engineering Journal, 481, 148407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.148407
Moghaddas (Soltan Mohammadzadeh), J., & Haghighi, M. (2004). Kincetics and reactor design in chemical engineering curriculum. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 6(21), 65-78 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2004.2422.
Sangamnere, R., Misra, T., Bherwani, H., Kapley, A., & Kumar, R. (2023). A critical review of conventional and emerging wastewater treatment technologies. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 9(2), 58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-00829-y.
Sarmah, M. K., Singh, T. P., Kalita, P., & Dewan, A. (2023). Sustainable hydrogen generation and storage - a review. RSC Advances, 13(36), 25253-25275. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA04148D.
Schofield, D. (2012). Mass effect: A chemical engineering education application of virtual reality simulator technology. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 8(1), 63.
Shabani, Z., Zarghami, S., & Mohammadi, T. (2020). Chapter 6 - Nanomaterials for fouling-resistant RO membranes. In A. Amrane, S. Rajendran, T. A. Nguyen, A. A. Assadi, & A. M. B. T.-N. in the B. I. Sharoba (Eds.), Micro and Nano Technologies (pp. 151-184). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819941-1.00006-7.
Shayegan, J., & Mosaviyan, M. (2004). Introducing an orientation course for freshmen in chemical engineering. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 6(21), 29-40 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2004.2418.
Shayegan, J. (2004). An analytical approach to plant design and economics course and methods of teaching. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 6(21), 91-102 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2004.2424.
Shayegan, J., & Pahlavanzadeh, H. (2004). An analytical approach to mass and energy balances course. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 6(21), 41-51 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2004.2419.
Sotudeh Gharebagh, R., (2002). Information technology and its application in chemical engineering, Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 4(14), 1-26 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2002.2068.
Sotudeh Gharebagh, R., & Zarifi, M. (2005). Computer aided process simulation course for chemical engineers and necessity of its inclusion in B. S. program. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 7(25), 27-44 [in Persian]. https://ijee.ias.ac.ir/article_2533.html.
Taheri, M., & Rahimi, A. (2000). A new approach to chemical engineering education based on technical developments. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 2(7), 35-49 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2000.2021.
Taheri, M., & Rahimi, A. (2001). Chemical engineering education; problem, solutions and priorities. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 2(8), 1-13 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2001.2027.
Taheri, M., & Rahimi, A. (2004). Basic change in chemical engineering education in Iran. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 6(21), 7-15 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2004.2416.
Ureel, Y., Dobbelaere, M. R., Ouyang, Y., De Ras, K., Sabbe, M. K., Marin, G. B., & Van Geem, K. M. (2023). Active machine learning for chemical engineers: A bright future lies ahead! Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.019.
van Antwerpen, F. J. (1980). The origins of chemical engineering. In History of Chemical Engineering (Vol. 190, p. 1). American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/doi:10.1021/ba-1980-0190.ch001.
Vasheghani Farahani, E. (2001). Chemical engineering education and research. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 2(8), 15-27 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2001.2028.Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Xu, Z., Yin, K., Zhou, Y., Zhang, J., Cui, P., Ma, S., Wang, Y., & Zhu, Z. (2024). A review on renewable energy-based chemical engineering design and optimization. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 189, 114015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.114015.
Whitton, N. (2012). Games-based learning BT  - Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (N. M. Seel (ed.); pp. 1337-1340). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_437.
Wu, S., Dong, T., Li, Y., Sun, M., Qi, Y., Liu, J., Kuss, M. A., Chen, S., & Duan, B. (2022). State-of-the-art review of advanced electrospun nanofiber yarn-based textiles for biomedical applications. Applied Materials Today, 27, 101473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101473.
Xia, J., Sun, X., Jia, P., Li, L., Xu, K., Cao, Y., Lü, X., & Wang, L. (2023). Multifunctional sustainable films of bacterial cellulose nanocrystal-based, three-phase pickering nanoemulsions: A promising active food packaging for cheese. Chemical Engineering Journal, 466, 143295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.143295.
Xu, C., Kolliopoulos, G., & Papangelakis, V. G. (2022). Industrial water recovery via layer freeze concentration. Separation and Purification Technology, 292, 121029. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121029.
Xu, H., Chen, L., Julian McClements, D., Hu, Y., Cheng, H., Qiu, C., Ji, H., Sun, C., Tian, Y., Miao, M., & Jin, Z. (2022). Progress in the development of photoactivated materials for smart and active food packaging: Photoluminescence and photocatalysis approaches. Chemical Engineering Journal, 432, 134301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.134301.
Xu, X., Lü, S., Gao, C., Wang, X., Bai, X., Duan, H., Gao, N., Feng, C., & Liu, M. (2015). Polymeric micelle-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle for enhanced fluorescent imaging and pH-responsive drug delivery. Chemical Engineering Journal, 279, 851-860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.05.085.
Yang, H., Lu, H., Miao, Y., Cong, Y., Ke, Y., Wang, J., Yang, H., & Fu, J. (2022). Non-swelling, super-tough, self-healing, and multi-responsive hydrogels based on micellar crosslinking for smart switch and shape memory. Chemical Engineering Journal, 450, 138346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.138346.
Zargarzadeh, L., & Pazuki, G. (2023). Chemical engineering thermodynamics: Revising content and teaching methods. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 25(99), 11-26 [in Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2023.402217.1986.
Zarghami, S., Mohammadi, T., & Sadrzadeh, M. (2022). Superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic polymeric membranes for oil/water separation. In Oil-Water Mixtures and Emulsions, Volume 1: Membrane Materials for Separation and Treatment (Vol. 1407, pp. 119-184 SE - 4). American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1407.ch004.
Zhang, X., Niu, J., Zhou, Z., Tang, G., Yan, G., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Hu, G., Xiao, J., Yan, W., & Cao, Y. (2023). Stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles based on cellulose derivative containing imine groups with improved bioavailability and reduced aquatic toxicity of pyraclostrobin. Chemical Engineering Journal, 474, 145789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.145789.
Zhao, Y., Li, C., Xia, X., Tan, M., Wang, H., Lv, Y., Cheng, Y., Tao, Y., Lu, J., Li, D., & Du, J. (2023). Eco-friendly and intelligent cellulosic fibers-based packaging system for real-time visual detection of food freshness. Chemical Engineering Journal, 474, 146013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.146013.


Volume 26, Issue 103 - Serial Number 103
Special Issue
Autumn 2024
Pages 7-52

  • Receive Date 19 April 2024
  • Revise Date 05 August 2024
  • Accept Date 13 August 2024
  • First Publish Date 13 August 2024
  • Publish Date 21 November 2024