نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران
چکیده
امروزه کاهش تقاضا در رشته های علوم، فناوری، مهندسی و ریاضیات به عنوان یک مسئله جدی، مشکلاتی را برای کشورهای درحال توسعه از جمله ایران ایجاد کرده است. این در حالی است که متخصصان حوزه های علوم، فناوری، مهندسی و ریاضیات نقش به سزایی در رشد و توسعه کشورها به عهده دارند. از این رو پژوهش حاضر به دنبال شناسایی راهکارهایی برای برونرفت از بحران کاهش تقاضا در رشته های علوم، فناوری، مهندسی و ریاضیات در مقطع کارشناسی در نظام دانشگاهی ایران است. بر این اساس، از رویکرد آمیخته متوالی- اکتشافی استفاده شد. بدین صورت که در گام کیفی با تکیه بر روش مطالعه موردی، راهکارهای مؤثر برای برونرفت از بحران کاهش تقاضا در رشته های علوم، فناوری، مهندسی و ریاضیات در نظام دانشگاهی ایران از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با ۱۵ نفر از خبرگان احصاء شد و متعاقب آن در گام کمی، برای اعتبارسنجی راهکارهای احصاءشده، از روش دلفی کلاسیک استفاده شد. بدین صورت که پرسشنامه ای بر اساس راهکارهای احصاءشده در گام کیفی، طراحی گردید و در بین ۱۳ نفر خبره، توزیع شد تا میزان اجماع آنها در مورد راهکارهای احصاءشده به دست آید. داده های گام کمی نیز با استفاده از روش های آماری، از قبیل ضریب هماهنگی کندال، میانه، میانگین و انحراف چارکی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته های حاصل از دو گام کیفی و کمی نشان داد که خبرگان بر روی نُه راهکار مهم برای برونرفت از بحران کاهش تقاضا در رشته های علوم، فناوری، مهندسی و ریاضیات در نظام دانشگاهی ایران، از قبیل ادغام دانشگاه های کم تقاضا و کوچک محلی با دانشگاه های بزرگ استانی، توجه جدی به سند آمایش آموزش عالی در ایجاد رشته، پذیرش دانشجو و جذب هیئت علمی، ایجاد و توسعه میان رشته ای ها، تعامل بیشتر دانشگاه با جامعه و صنایع محلی و استانی، توجه بیشتر به پژوهش های مسئله محور و کاربردی، پذیرش دانشجوی خارجی از کشورهای منطقه، توجه به ارتقای کیفیت، تحول در برنامه های درسی متناسب با نیازهای بازار کار و برگزاری دوره های آموزش آزاد و مجازی به اجماع رسیدند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
IDENTIFYING STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS THE CRISIS OF DECREASING DEMAND IN STEM MAJORS IN IRAN’S ACADEMIC SYSTEM
نویسنده [English]
- Mohsen Nazarzadeh Zare
Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
چکیده [English]
The decreasing demand for STEM majors poses a significant challenge in Iran and has implications for the country’s development. Graduates in STEM fields play a vital role in the progress and growth of a nation. This study aims to identify effective strategies to tackle the crisis of decreasing demand in STEM majors within Iran’s academic system. To accomplish this objective, a mixed-methods, sequential-exploratory approach was employed. The qualitative phase involved a case study methodology, conducting semi-structured interviews with 15 knowledgeable individuals. Practical solutions emerged from this phase. In the quantitative phase, the classical Delphi technique was used to validate these solutions. A questionnaire, based on qualitative findings, was distributed to 13 experts to achieve consensus. Statistical analyses, including Kendall’s correlation coefficient, median, average, and quartile deviation, were employed to analyze the quantitative data. Both qualitative and quantitative findings reveal consensus among experts on nine significant solutions to address the decrease in demand for STEM majors in Iran’s academic system. These solutions include merging small local universities with larger provincial universities, emphasizing the importance of the Document of Higher Education Survey, fostering interdisciplinary sciences, enhancing collaboration with local industries and communities, prioritizing problem-oriented and applied research, attracting foreign students from neighboring countries, improving quality standards, aligning curricula with labor market needs, and providing free and virtual training courses.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- STEM majors
- Iran’s higher education
- crisis
- solutions
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