نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده‌ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران،

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

چکیده

برای برقراری تعامل خوب میان استاد و دانشجویان معماری در کارگاه طراحی، توجه به ویژگی‌های شخصیتی دانشجویان اهمیت زیادی دارد. تفاوت در ویژگی‌های شخصیتی هر دانشجو روش‌های آموزشی متناسب با هر یک از آنها را می‌طلبد. بعضی از استادان معماری به­طور ضمنی و تجربی به گوناگونی طبع و تفاوت شخصیت­ها در هر دانشجو توجه دارند، اما برخی دیگر از یک قاعده در گفت­وگو و خط­ کشیدن برای همه­ دانشجویان استفاده می­کنند. در این مقاله یکی از ویژگی‌های مهم شخصیتی دانشجویان معماری؛ یعنی برونگرایی و درونگرایی به­عنوان دغدغه­ای مهم در تفاوت آموزش هر یک مطرح شده است. هر انسانی درجه­ای از برونگرایی و درونگرایی را دارد و در طیفی میان برونگرایی مطلق و درونگرایی مطلق قرار می­گیرد؛ اما به­دلیل غلبه­ قابل توجه یکی بر دیگری، به او نسبت برونگرا یا درونگرا داده می­شود. پرسش بنیادی آن است که «برونگرا یا درونگرا بودن دانشجوی معماری چه اثری در فرایند طراحی او خواهد داشت و استاد معماری در آموزش هر یک چگونه باید عمل کند؟». روش تحقیق این مطالعه توصیفی، تطبیقی و تحلیلی بود. در این پژوهش با تکیه بر مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای، ویژگی‌های شخصیتی دانشجوی برونگرا و درونگرا برشمرده و مشخص ­شد که هر یک از این ‌دو گروه چه رویکرد فکری­ای در یادگیری طراحی و پیشبرد طرح روی میز دارند و چه آموزش­هایی طلب می­کنند. هدف این پژوهش کمک به استاد معماری برای هدایت بهتر کارگاه طراحی معماری با توجه به فرضیه­ تفاوت رویکرد یادگیری طراحی دانشجویان در دو تیپ شخصیتی برونگرا و درونگرا بود و نتیجه­ مطالعه به جدولی از این تفاوت­ها ختم ­شد. با توجه به افزایش دانشکده­های معماری در سال­های اخیر و نیاز به استفاده از استادان جوان، تحقیق و نگارش چنین مباحثی ضروری می­نماید تا در اختیار آنان قرار گیرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

• Thinking approach of extroverted and introverted students of architecture within the design process and its educational strategies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Sadram 1
  • Elham Kafaei 2

1 Assistant Professor, Hakim Sabzevari University, Iran.

2 Master student of Architecture, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

چکیده [English]

To establish a good interaction between lecturer and the students of architecture in the design studio, it is essential to pay attention to the students’ personalities and traits. The difference in students’ traits demands educational methods tailored to them. Some lecturers of architecture, implicitly and practically, concentrate on the diversity and difference of traits in each student, while others apply the same single rule to all students during talking and drawing. This paper intends to highlight one of the important characteristics of the students of architecture, namely extraversion and introversion, as a key concern in the educational difference. Having a degree of extroversion and introversion, every human being is located in a spectrum whose ends are absolute extroversion and introversion. Due to the superiority of one of these two over the other one, a person is termed introvert or extrovert. The fundamental question is, “what effect does the extroversion or introversion of a student of architecture bring to the design process and what should the lecturer of architecture do in each case?” The research methodology of this paper is descriptive, comparative, and analytical. Relying on the literature review, this research outlines the traits of extroverted and introverted students to identify the intellectual approach that each of these two groups has in learning design and using it, in addition to offering the type of training they require in this regard.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Types of personalities
  • extraversion
  • introversion
  • MBTI test
  • the design process
  • architecture education
Aderonmu, P., Omonijo, D., Anyaegbunam, M., & Amole, S. (2016). The influence of personality characteristics on teachers and students in architectural design studio projects in some selected Nigerian Universities. Rome-Ital: MCSER Publishing.
Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can't stop talking. Translated by Dorsa Azimi (2014). Tehran: Alborz Publication.
Cheng, Y., Hee Kim, K. F., & Hull, M. (2010). Comparisons of creative styles and personality types between American and Taiwanese college students and the relationship between creative potential and personality types. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 4, 103-112.
Demirbas, O., & Demirkan, H. (2003). Focus on architectural design process through learning styles. Design Studies, 24, (5), 437-456.
Duff, A., Boyle, E., Dunleavy, K., & Ferguson, J. (2004). The relationship between personality, approach to learning and academic performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1907-1920.
Durling, D., Cross, N., & Johnson, J. (1996). Personality and learning preferences of students in design and design-related disciplines. IDATER 1996 Conference, Loughborough: Loughborough University.
Hayerizadeh, K., & Mohammad Hossein, L. (2013). Creative thinking and creative problem solving. Tehran: Ney Publication.
Hojat, I. (2003). Architecture education and worthless values. Honarhaye Ziba, 14, 63-70. [in Persian].
Hojat, I. (2004). Creative education– the experience of 2002. Honarhaye Ziba, 18, 25-36. [in Persian].
Iranmanesh, M. (2007). Logic and intuition in architecture (Educational Approach). PhD Thesis. Architecture and Urban Planning Faculty; Shahid Beheshti University. [in Persian].
Kolb, D., & Fry, R. (1975). Towards an applied theory of Experiental learning, In C. Cooper (Ed). Theories of group processes. London: Wiley.
Kolb, D. (1984). Experiential learning, Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Kurt, S. (2009). An analytic study on the traditional studio environments and the use of the constructivist studio in the architectural design education. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 401-408.
Lawson, B. (2005). How designers think: The design process demystified. Translated by Dr. Hamid Nadimi. (2013). Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University Publication.
Lumsdain, E., & Lumsdain, M. (1995). Creative problem solving: Thinking skills for a changing world. Translated by Dr. Behrouz Arbab Shirani and Engineer Behrouz Nasr Azadani (2007). Arkan Danesh Publication. [in Persian].
Mahmoodi, S. A. S. (1998). Teaching the art of applying the hidden talents of students. Jelve-y-Honar, 2, 8-15. [in Persian].
Memarian, H. (2017). Faculty development for Iranian engineering education programs. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 75, 55-73. [in Persian].
Messick, S. (1984). The nature of cognitive styles: Problems and promise in educational Practice. Educational Psychologist, 59-74.
Mirkhalaf, M., & Shahin, A. (2005). Providing a solution to assess qualified person for project management; 2th International Project Management Conference, Tehran, Iran.
Myers, I. B., & Myers, P. B. (1995). Gifts differing: Understanding personality type. Palo Alto, Consulting Psychologists Press, CA.
Panth, M. K., Sahu, V., & Gupta, M. (2015). A comparative study of emotional intelligence and intelligence quotient between introvert and extrovert personality. IMPACT Journal, 3, 41-54.
Sadram, V., & Nadimi, H. (2015). The role of examplar sketches in design education. Soffeh, 68, 5-18.
Saghafi, M. J., & Tahery Sayyah, F. (2017). Architecture and MBTI; investigation of how the use of the characterology and personality type of the space user in housing design. Honarhaye Ziba Memari va Shahrsazi, 22, 75-88. [in Persian].
Saif, A. A. (2010). Modern educational psychology: Psychology of learning and instruction. Tehran: Douran Publication.
Shuto, M., Yamato, S., Okubo, M., & Tenbergen, B. (2017). Relationship between the five factor model personality and learning effectiveness of teams in three information systems education courses. 18th IEEE/ ACIS international Conference on Software Engineering, Kanazawa, Japan.
Tieger, P., & Tieger, B. (1995). Do what you are: Discover the perfect career for you through the secrets of personality type. Translated by Mehdi Gharachedaghi and Hossein Rahimmonfared (2017).Tehran: Naghsh Negar Publication. [in Persian].
Tieger, P., & Tieger, B. (2013). The art of speedreading people: Harness the power of personality type and create what you want in business and in life. Translated by Mahdi Gharachedaghi and Hossein Rahimmonfared (2017). Tehran: Peik Bahar Publication. [in Persian].
Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (2005). Understanding by design. USA: ASCD publications.
Zare, E., Karami, A., & Feiz, M. (2013). Desirable personality typology model of engineering occupation fields (Myers – Briggs Type  Indicator). Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 59, 39-57. [in Persian].