بازتاب وضعیت بازار کار صنعت برق در کاهش گرایش به تحصیل در رشته‎های فنی_مهندسی در آموزش عالی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، پژوهشگاه نیرو، تهران، ایران

2 دانش آموخته دکترای آموزش عالی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی- تهران- ایران

3 استادیار، گروه حکمرانی آموزش عالی، پژوهشگاه مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی، وزارت عتف، تهران، ایران

چکیده
هدف مقالۀ حاضر بررسی تأثیرات بازار کار صنعت برق بر جذب و نگهداشت نیروی انسانی متخصص و روند گرایش به تحصیل در رشته‌های مهندسی است. رویکرد پژوهش ترکیبی است و شامل تحلیل ثانویۀ داده‌های آماریِ جمعیت دانشجویان و فارغ‌التحصیلان (۱۳۶۸ تا ۱۴۰۰) و نیز تحلیل کیفی مضمون مبتنی‎بر مصاحبه با مدیران و کارشناسان صنعت برق می‎شود. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد جمعیت دانشجویان مهندسی از 5/1 میلیون نفر در ۱۳۹۳ به کمتر از ۷۶۲ هزار نفر در ۱۳۹۹ و فارغ‌التحصیلان مهندسی برق از ۵۶۵۹۱ نفر در ۱۳۹۴ به ۲۰۴۳۱ نفر در ۱۴۰۰ کاهش یافته است. بخشی از علل این روند به وضعیت بازار کار صنایع کشور، ازجمله صنعت برق، بازمی‎گردد. در صنعت برق،  وضعیت اقتصادی نامناسب، کاهش سرمایه‌گذاری، محدودیت‌های استخدامی و چالش‌های مالی بنگاه‌های خصوصی انگیزۀ تحصیل مهندسی و  ماندگاری در صنعت برق را کاهش و مهاجرت متخصصان را افزایش داده است. نتیجه‌گیری و پیشنهادهای پژوهش بر ضرورت بازنگری در سیاست‌های جذب و نگهداشت نیروی انسانی صنعت برق، افزایش سرمایه‌گذاری در صنعت، ارتقای محیط نوآورانۀ صنعت برق و تقویت ارتباط دانشگاه و صنعت تأکید دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

REFLECTION OF THE LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS IN THE ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY ON THE DECLINE OF INTEREST IN TECHNICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATIONIN HIGHER EDUCATION OF IRAN

نویسندگان English

ashraf sadat pasandideh 1
armita Ghorban Shiroodi 2
hamed kamali 3
1 Assistant Professor, Management and Social Science Department, Niroo Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
2 phD graduate of Higher Education, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IRAN
3 Assistant Professor of Higher Education Governance, Institute for Social and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

This study investigates the impact of the electricity industry’s labor market on the attraction and retention of skilled professionals and the trend in students’ inclination toward engineering fields. Employing a mixed-methods approach, it combines secondary analysis of statistical data on engineering students and graduates (1989–2021) with thematic analysis of interviews conducted with managers and experts in the electricity sector. The results reveal a significant decline in the number of engineering students from 1.5 million in 2014 to less than 762,000 in 2020, and electrical engineering graduates from 56,591 in 2015 to 20,431 in 2021. This downward trend is partly attributed to labor market conditions in key industries such as electricity. In this sector, economic instability, declining investment, hiring constraints, and financial difficulties in private firms have reduced the motivation to study engineering, diminished retention in the industry, and increased professional migration. The study concludes by emphasizing the need to revise human resource policies, boost investment, foster innovation in the electricity sector, and strengthen university-industry collaboration.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Engineering disciplines
electrical engineering
higher education
electricity industry
labor market
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  • تاریخ دریافت 07 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 23 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 24 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 24 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار 30 آذر 1404