نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار پژوهشکده مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی
2 دانشجوی دکتری آموزش عالی دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
جهیز دانشجویان و دانش‌آموختگان به انواع شایستگی‌ها و مهارت‌های نرم و سخت برای موفقیت در بازار کار و ارتقای سطح اشتغال‌پذیری آنها یکی از معیارهای ارزیابی کیفیت نظام آموزش عالی به‌ویژه دانشگاه‌های نسل سوم و کارآفرین است. با توجه به اهمیت اشتغال‌پذیری دانش‌آموختگان، این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل سطح اشتغال‌پذیری دانش‌آموختگان دانشگاه فنی‌وحرفه‌ای به روش آمیخته شامل پیمایش کمّی و تحلیل محتوای کیفی انجام شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش 107 تن از معاونان فرهنگی و دانشجویی آموزشکده‌ها و دانشکده‌های فنی‌وحرفه‌ای بودند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته، اقتباس شده از پرسشنامه «دی‌وس و سوئنز» (2008) و برای تحلیل داده‌های کمّی از آماره‌های توصیفی و آزمون تی استفاده شد. بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، اشتغال‌پذیری دانش‌آموختگان دانشگاه فنی‌وحرفه‌ای از دیدگاه جامعه آماری در سطح مطلوب ارزیابی می‌شود. در بخش دوم، راهکارهای ارتقای سطح اشتغال‌پذیری دانش‌آموختگان دانشگاه فنی‌وحرفه‌ای بررسی شد. بر اساس تحلیل دیدگاه‌های جامعه آماری، 5 مقوله اصلی، 13 مقوله فرعی و 108 کد و مفهوم کلیدی برای ارتقای سطح اشتغال‌پذیری دانش‌آموختگان دانشگاه فنی‌وحرفه‌ای استخراج و دسته‌بندی شدند. با به‌کارگیری راهکارهای پیشنهادی در این پژوهش نظیر بازنگری در برنامه‌های درسی و متناسب‌سازی آنها با نیازهای بازارکار، آمایش آموزش عالی و تأسیس و توسعه آموزشکده‌ها و دانشکده‌ها بر اساس آن، تجهیز زیرساخت‌ها و به‌روزرسانی کارگاه‌ها و آزمایشگاه‌ها، ترویج فرهنگ کارآفرینی و پُررنگ کردن نقش رشته‌های فنی‌وحرفه‌ای، تعامل مستمر با صنعت، برگزاری اثربخش دوره‌های کارآموزی و حمایت مادی و معنوی از دانش‌آموختگان دانشگاه فنی‌وحرفه‌ای برای راه‌اندازی کسب‌وکار، می‌توان سطح اشتغال‌پذیری این دانش‌آموختگان را تا حد زیادی ارتقا داد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
THE STATUS OF EMPLOYABILTY OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL GRADUATES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL- STUDENT DEPUTIES
نویسندگان [English]
- reza mahdi 1
- َAhmad Keikha 2
1 معاون فرهنگی و دانشجویی دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای
2 PhD student in higher education University of Tehran
چکیده [English]
Equipping students with a variety of competencies and skills to succeed in the job market and improve their employability is one of the criteria for assessing the quality of universities, especially third generation and entrepreneurial universities. Given the importance of employability, this study aims to analyze the level of employability of technical and vocational graduates (TVG) in a mixed method including quantitative survey and qualitative content. The statistical population of the study includes 107 cultural-student deputies of technical and vocational colleges. For data gathering, a constructed researcher-made questionnaire from the De Vos & Soenz (2008) questionnaire was used, Descriptive statistics and t-test were used to analyze quantitative data. Based on the research, the employability of TVG has been evaluated from the perspective of the deputies at the desired level. In the second part, the solutions for improving the employability level of TVG are investigated. Based on the analysis of the deputy perspectives, 5 main categories, 13 sub-categories and 108 key concepts have been extracted and categorized to improve the employability level of TVG. Using the proposed solutions such as reviewing curricula and adapting them to the needs of the market, providing higher education and establishing and developing disciplines and colleges based on it, equipping infrastructures and reorganizing workshops and laboratories, promoting entrepreneurship culture and highlighting the role of the disciplines, continuous relation with industry, holding effective internship courses and support of TV graduates to start a business, can greatly improve the employability level of the graduates.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Employability
- graduates
- technical and vocational higher education (VTET)
- capability approach
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